STRUCTURE AND NOMENCLATURE OF PHENOLS Phenol: Compounds that have a hydroxyl group directly attached to a benzene ring For example:

Compounds having two carbonyl groups separated by an intervening carbon are called β-dicarbonyl compunds, and these compounds are highly versatile reagents for organic synthesis

（1) Carbon’s ability to form as many as four strong bonds to other carbon atoms and to form strong bonds to hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorous. （2) Carbon can make the vast number of different molecules Required for complex living organisms

In common nomenclature most primary amines are named as alkylamines. In systematic nomenclature they are named by adding the suffix –amine to the name of the chain or ring system to which the NH2 group is attached with elision of the final e Primary Amines;

17.1 The acidity of the α-hydrogens ofcarbonyl compounds: Enolate ions

Except for formaldehyde, the simplest aldehyde, all aldehydes have a carbonyl group, C=O, bonded on one side to a carbon, and on the other side to a hydrogen. In ketones, the carbonyl group is situated between two carbon atoms

1 Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (uv) 紫外光谱----测定有机物中是否存在共轭双键和芳香族化合物 2. Infrared spectroscopy (IR)红外光谱----测定有机物中官能团

1. How to find benzene? 2. Kekule(克库勒）was the first torecognize that these early aromaticcompounds all contain a six-carbonunit

Oxidation-reduction and organometallic compounds (氧化-还原和有机金属化合物） 11.1 Introduction Carbonyl (羰基）compounds are a broad group of compounds that includes aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters

1. Nomencature of alcohols CH3OH Methanol (methyl alcohol) CH3CH2OH Ethanol (ethyl alcohol)