历史 1.提出内皮细胞舒张因子EDRF(1980) 2.提出EDRF即是NO的假说(1986) 3.检测到体内产生NO(1988) 4.发现NO来自精氨酸(1988)

氧化损伤的产生 线粒体呼吸链中,由于发生电子漏,导致氧分子经 单电子转移反应,生成了超氧阴离子。 ·某些氧化酶催化氧化底物时,释放出活性氧,如黄 嘌呤/黄嘌呤氧化酶体系放出超氧阴离子、葡萄糖/葡 萄糖氧化酶体系放出过氧化氢。 巨噬细胞受刺激后呼吸爆发产生活性氧

1.螺甾烷醇类 2.异螺甾烷醇类 3.呋甾烷醇类 4.变形螺甾烷醇类

Discovery of Benzene Isolated in 1825 by Michael Faraday who determined C: H ratio to be 1: 1. Synthesized in 1834 by Eilhard Mitscherlich who determined molecular formula to be C6H6

Definitions Conjugated double bonds are separated by one single bond. Example: 1, 3-pentadiene. Isolated double bonds are separated by two or more single bonds. 1, 4-pentadiene. Cumulated double bonds are on adjacent carbons. Example: 1, 2-pentadiene

Introduction Formula R-O-R where R is alkyl or aryl. Symmetrical or unsymmetrical Examples:

Introduction NMR is the most powerful tool available for organic structure determination. It is used to study a wide variety of nuclei:

Spectroscopy is an analytical technique which helps determine structure. It destroys little or no sample. The amount of light absorbed by the sample is measured as wavelength is varied

Types of Alcohol Reactions HH H Dehydration to alkene ·xidation to aldehyde, ketone Substitution to form alkyl halide Reduction to alkane ·Esterification ·Tosylation Williamson synthesis of ether

Classification Primary: carbon with -OH is bonded to one other carbon. Secondary: carbon with-OH is bonded to two other carbons. · Tertiary: carbon with-OH is bonded to three other carbons. Aromatic(phenol): -OH is bonded to a benzene ring