Chapter 8 Atomic StructureThree objectives:To describe the movement states of electronsTo introduce the electron configurationsTo reveal the relationship between theelectronic structure and periodicity
1 Chapter 8 Atomic Structure Three objectives: ◼ To describe the movement states of electrons ◼ To introduce the electron configurations ◼ To reveal the relationship between the electronic structure and periodicity
1 Movements of Electrons inAtomsSolutions:Experiments → ConclusionsApplying the quantum numbers obtaining fromthe Schrodinger equation to describe.Movements of submicroscopic particless (r< 10-8m) aredifferent from macroscopical objects
2 1 Movements of Electrons in Atoms Solutions: Experiments → Conclusions Applying the quantum numbers obtaining from the Schrödinger equation to describe. Movements of submicroscopic particles (r < 10-8m) are different from macroscopical objects
Cavendish卡文迪什实验室ErnestRutherford卢瑟福(1871-1937)in1908JosephJohnFatheroftheAtomicThomson汤姆孙andNuclearPhysics(1856～1940)all scienceiseitherphysics orstampt-collectingNiels BohrOttoStern斯特恩E.Schrodinger薛定(1885-1962)(1887-1961)n1933(1888-1969)In1943玻尔In1922
3 玻尔In 1922 Otto Stern斯特恩 (1888–1969 )In 1943 E.Schrödinger 薛定谔 (1887-1961）In 1933 Ernest Rutherford 卢瑟福 （1871-1937) in 1908 Father of the Atomic and Nuclear Physics ‘all science is either physics or stampt-collecting’ Joseph John Thomson汤姆孙 （1856～1940) Cavendish 卡文迪什实验室
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l-1CharacteristicsofElectronMovements1-1-1TheEnergyofElectronsinAtomsIsQuantized量子性Detector(photographicplate)ArcHighvoltageSlitHydrogen gasPrism410nm434nm486nm656nmFigure8-1Experimentaldevicegeneratingthehydrogenspectrum andthehydrogen linespectrum containsonlyafew discrete wavelengths invisiblelightrange(1885,SwissphysicistBalmer).5
5 1-1 Characteristics of ElectronMovements 1-1-1The Energy of Electrons in Atoms Is Quantized量子性 Figure 8-1 Experimental device generating the hydrogen spectrum and the hydrogen line spectrum contains only a few discrete wavelengths in visible light range(1885, Swiss physicist Balmer)