r=0.529n2A9E = -2.178 X 10-18Z/n2Jn=1,r1=0.529AE,=-2.179X10-18Jn=2，r2=22X0.529AE2=-2.179X10-18/4Jn=3，r3=32X0.529AE3=-2.179X10-18/9Jn=，r=(infinite：电离了,E=0J11
11 r = 0.529n 2Ao E = -2.178×10-18Z 2 /n 2 J n =1，r 1= 0.529Ao , E 1 = -2.179×10-18 J n =2，r 2= 22×0.529Ao , E 2 = -2.179×10-18 /4 J n =3，r 3= 32×0.529Ao , E 3 = -2.179×10-18 /9 J . n=∞ ,r ∞ =∞ (infinite：电离了), E=0J
r,= 0.529A° Bohr radius△E = Einfinite - E,=[0-(-2.179 X 10-18 J)1 X 6.02X1023 mol-1=1312kJ·mol-1ionization energy of the hydrogen atom12
12 r 1= 0.529Ao Bohr radius ΔE = Einfinite - E1 = [0-(-2.179 × 10-18 J ) ] × 6.02×1023 mol-1 = l3l2 kJ∙mol-1 . ionization energy of the hydrogen atom
E,=0E4Paschen spectral linesE3n=3Balmer spectral linesE2=2V=(Efinal-Einitial)/ hLymanspectral linesE1=1Figure 8-2 The energy levels of the orbits for hydrogen atom.13
13 n= ∞ n= 2 n= 3 n= 4 n= 1 E∞= 0 E4 E3 E2 E1 Lyman spectral lines Paschen spectral lines Balmer spectral lines Figure 8-2 The energy levels of the orbits for hydrogen atom. v = (Efinal - Einitial) / h
The phenomena cannot be interpreted byBohr's theory:each spectral line consists of two close lineseach spectral line split into two or more linesin magnetic fieldsthe spectra of polyelectronic atoms14
14 The phenomena cannot be interpreted by Bohr’s theory: ◼ each spectral line consists of two close lines ◼ each spectral line split into two or more lines in magnetic fields ◼ the spectra of polyelectronic atoms
NielsBohrPV，连E5一9准(1885-1962)1913年《论原子构造和分子构造》，首次打开了人类认识原子结构的大门，为近代物理研究开辟了道路。量子力学是以玻尔为领袖的一代杰出物理学家集体才华的结晶。15
15 ◼ 1913年《论原子构造和分子构造》，首次打开了人类认识 原子结构的大门，为近代物理研究开辟了道路。量子力学 是以玻尔为领袖的一代杰出物理学家集体才华的结晶